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arxiv_cs_cl · Nov 2, 2026 · paper
arxiv.orgNov 2, 2026
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In brief
Most parameters of a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model belong to its experts, and standard training keeps every expert gradient in GPU memory until the optimizer step. This memory grows with the number and size of the experts, so it rises as MoE models scale. We introduce Sonar-MoE,